The common explanation for airplane mode is that phone signals might interfere with cockpit instruments. The evidence for that specific risk is limited and disputed. The more substantive reasons involve the way phones search for ground towers at altitude, creating interference with ground networks rather than aircraft systems, and the practical reality that airlines and regulators prefer a conservative precautionary approach while in the air. The WiFi available on many flights works because it uses the aircraft’s own controlled system rather than passengers reaching for ground towers.
Daniel and Mom examine what airplane mode actually does, what the evidence for cockpit interference looks like, why the real concern is about ground network interference rather than aircraft instruments, and why WiFi works on planes even when airplane mode is on.

Daniel is nine. He asks the questions, refuses to accept easy answers, and picks every episode topic himself.

Mom does the digging - finding the sources, checking the claims, and translating them into something a nine-year-old will actually sit still for.
Evidence for phone signals interfering with cockpit instruments is limited. The risk is disputed.
The more practical concern is phones searching for ground towers at altitude, interfering with ground networks.
Airplane mode disables the radio transmitter while leaving the device otherwise functional.
In-flight WiFi works because it uses the aircraft's own system, not passengers reaching for ground towers.
“Next time someone tells me to put my phone in airplane mode I'm going to say I know exactly why. It's complicated.”